Dr.M.Mazumdar

C(S)ilappatikaram is an epic poem by Ilango Adigal. It is considered to be one of the best great epics of Tamil literature. The meaning of Cilappatikaran means jewelled anklet. According to an astrologer, Ilango will become the next Chera king and not his elder brother, Chenguttuvan. To disprove the prophecy, Ilango became a Jain monk so that his brother could become the king. So, Ilango was a Jain monk and a Chera prince. The meaning of Ilango in Jain means saint or ascetic. Time of Composition This epic poem by Adigal is based on a real incident and it was written in between 2nd or 3rd century. The exact time of writing is contested. Structure The epic contains three chapters and a total of 5270 lines of poetry. The three chapters are Puharkkandam, Maduraikkandam, and Vanchikkandam. 

1. How do the different characters confront the absurdity of the plague? 10 2. What are the major issues focussed upon in Albert Camus' The Plague? 10 3. What does the plague symbolise? 2 4. What are the early signs of the plague?2 5. Who is Dr. Bernard Rieux? 2

1. Write a note on the central idea of the story , The Lady with the Dog? 10 2. What does the mirror symbolise in The Lady with the Dog? 2 3. How does Gurov initially view women? 2 4. 

1. Who is Sonia Marmeladov? 2 2. How does Katrina due? 2 3. What is the significance of 'Yellow' in Crime and Punishment?' 4. Justify the significance of the title of Dostovesky's Crime and Punishment? 10 5. Examine critically the character of Raskolnikov in C&P? 10

Author: Bertolt Brecht studied medicine and theater together. The Play: The original name of the play is "Leben des Galileo." It was written in 1938 but enacted in 1943. The setting is Renaissance, Italy. The story is about the genius of his times, Galileo Galili who was the first man to officially declare that the planets move around the sun and not the sun. He was the Professor of Mathematics in Padua University. Structure: It has 1 Act and 15 scenes. The genre is Epic Theatre. The theme is social responsibility of the scientists. The Plot: Galileo Galileo is the protagonist who used to tutor the small son Andrea of the landlord. One day, when the boy brought the breakfast, Galileo made the son of the housekeeper sit and started explaining how our solar system worked. The boy was corrected that sun didn't revolve but through a wooden model showed the reverse. And that from 2000 years, humans have been thinking it true but the speding science is correcting those old beli...

Rilke's solitude was quite metaphorical. He was born in a rigidly Catholic environment. He speaks about union. God is the other yet very near. He uses God in very intimate language like the poet Rumi. Both understood that our human longing for God is divine seeking in a direct or indirect way. A language of reverence is needed today. Many of Rilke’s poems touch on universal human experiences and are almost philosophical in nature. ‘What Survives’ can be read as an inquiry into suffering and survival; ‘To Music’ a reflection on the purpose and effect of music, and how it moves us. It reads: ‘You stranger: music. Space that’s outgrown us, heart-space’. "What Survives" is a poem by Rainer Maria Rilke. Summary The poem reflects on what remains after loss, change, and the passage of time. Rilke suggests that physical things may disappear, but love, memories, emotions, and the deeper experiences of life continue to exist within us. He emphasizes that true human values and spiri...