Dr.M.Mazumdar

1. What is Lomov’s explanation of Ox-Meadows becoming a disputed piece of land? Ans. Lomov’ explains that the Ox-meadows is his property and it was given by his aunt’s grand-mother to Natalia’s paternal great grandfather’s peasants without any rent on the said plot. Lomov admits that there went some quarrels about the Ox-meadows but it was settled afterwords and everybody knows that it belongs to him (Lomov). 2. What does Choobookov say about Lomov’s father and grand father? Ans.Choobookov abused Lomov’s father and grandfather. He said to him that his grandfather would drink like a fish and his father was a gambler and he looked like a pig while eating. 3. Why does Lamov refer to the land settlement? Ans. Lomov refers to the land settlement because he claims that the ex-meadows belongs to him and to settle the dispute he told to go to the (land settlement) court. 4. Why does he complain all the time of palpitation and veins throbbing? Ans. Lomov is a short tempered person, resulting in

1. What are the themes? A:- The themes in Sonnet 65 by William Shakespeare are those to do with the passage of time. They include age, youth, decay, poetry and the idea of memory. The poem is heavily concerned with age and the inevitability of change or even death to things that cannot withstand time. Since time destroys everything - such strong and seemingly stable things like brass, stone, earth and sea- then it will also destroy human beauty that is as frail as a flower. This thought terrifies the poet or lover. There is however, the hope that the poet's verse can perform the miracle of immortalizing the beauty of the friend. 2. Give an introduction to the sonnet. A:-'Sonnet 65' is one of Shakespeare's many love sonnets. In the poem he describes the effect time has on people and in humane objects. He goes into great detail about the effect time is having on the youth of the woman he loves and adores and he dreads it. Despite feeling helpless against time he describes

Subaltern Studies includes dalit literature. History was being written by people in power. Subaltern studies ose its origin to Ranajit Guha. Dalit lit comes under subaltern and is associated with caste system. Caste system arrived with the Aryans. India is a deeply divided society. Systematic oppression over 250 million dalits has been taking place. In 1972, dalit word, a maratha word started getting identified. Dalit panthers of Bombay became prominent. Tamil and hindi dalit words are quite synonymous. Hindi dalit usage is very slow. Marxism and Buddhism brought the dalit matter. Marxism is based on equality. Buddhism says, everyone has power. The term came to be used by Jyotiba Rao Phule first used it. Dalit lit tries to interrogate the main stream hindu discourse & uppercaste brahminical hegemony. It is lit of Action  In India we follow the varna system. Its a very very stratified system. Namdeo Dhasal, Arjun Dangle, Raja Dhale, JV Pawar on 29th May, 1972 formed a social organis

Q.1 Prove that ‘To Autumn’ is a song of ripeness? The poem ode ‘To Autumn’ has been written by the master of word pictures, John Keats. This poem is remarkable for its appeal to the sense, its work pictures and imagery. The poet presents the season of Autumn as a season of mist and mellow fruitfulness. It is a song of ripeness and abundance. The poet says that autumn brings fresh and juicy fruits in abundance. It along with its close friend sun plans to load the cottage trees with abundant fruits. The warmth of the sun ripens the fruit and fills sweetness to their core. All the fruit and flowers grow in such a large quality that the branches of the trees bend down by weight. The poet says that ripeness reaches to its maximum in this season. Q.2 What are the two friends Autumn and warm sun? Ans. The poet ‘John Keats’ presents a sensuous picture of autumn in this poem. He calls autumn a close friend of the warming sun. The poet says that both the friends plan to load and bless the trees

Q1. Who is the author of "The Ailing Planet?" A:- Nani Palkhiwala is the author of "The Ailing Planet". Q2.Locate the lines in the text that support the title “The Ailing Planet”. Answer: The following lines in the text support the title “The Ailing Planet”. “Are we to leave our successors a scorched planet of advancing deserts, impoverished landscapes and ailing environment. A three-year study using satellites and aerial photography conducted by the United Nations, warns that the environment has deteriorated so badly that it is ‘critical’ in many of the eighty-eight countries. Q3What does the notice “The world’s most dangerous animals” at a cage in the zoo at Lusaka, Zambia, signify? A:- The notice “The world’s most dangerous animals” at a cage in the zoo at Lusaka, Zambia signifies that man is solely responsible for all the deterioration in environment and depletion of natural resources. Thus man is the world’s most dangerous animal. Q4. How are the earth’s princi

POEM O wild West Wind, thou breath of Autumn’s being, Thou, from whose unseen presence the leaves dead Are driven, like ghosts from an enchanter fleeing, Yellow, and black, and pale, and hectic red, Pestilence-stricken multitudes: O thou, Who chariotest to their dark wintry bed The winged seeds, where they lie cold and low, Each like a corpse within its grave, until Thine azure sister of the Spring shall blow Her clarion o’er the dreaming earth, and fill (Driving sweet buds like flocks to feed in air) With living hues and odours plain and hill: Wild Spirit, which art moving everywhere; Destroyer and preserver; hear, oh hear! Thou on whose stream, mid the steep sky’s commotion, Loose clouds like earth’s decaying leaves are shed, Shook from the tangled boughs of Heaven and Ocean, Angels of rain and lightning: there are spread On the blue surface of thine aëry surge, Like the bright hair uplifted from the head Of some fierce Maenad, even from the dim verge Of the horizon to the zenith’s h

1. What is the story about? Write in short. A:- This story of  Robinson Crusoe, is an adaptation taken from the novel written by Daniel Defoe titled ‘Robinson Crusoe’. In the story, Robinson Crusoe is stranded on an island and one day stumbles upon a footprint of a man. He concludes that the footprint was of a savage who would hurt him. In his fear, he ran to his cave and hid there. After three days inside the cave, no one came for him, and he felt much calmer, so he returned to the place of the footprint and compared it with his own. Soon, his fear returned, and he believed that there was someone on the island. 2. What made Robinson Crusoe think that the print on the ground was a footprint? A:- Robinson Crusoe thought that the print on the ground was a footprint because it had toes, heels, and all the impressions of a human foot. 3. Why was Robinson afraid when he looked at the bushes and trees? A:- He was afraid when he looked at the bushes and trees because he mistook every bush and

4 Types 1. From the continent Lit-Nigeria, Botswana, Kenya 2. Diaspora Lit 3. Afro-American Lit 4. Black Aesthetics Lit 3. Afro-American Lit:- Slavery was justified. That, blacks were inferior. So, Protest literature came. Edward Said in 'Orientalism' says this 'the process of Othering.' Marxism says this creates hierarchy. Immanuel Kant says in his essay "What is enlightenment?" that blacks were not equal with the whites. David Hume, Thomas Jefferson also thought blacks were inferior and said Phyllis Wheatley is inferior to criticism. Hume and Kant were so called creators of the enlightenment movement. Jefferson ironically dated a mulatto woman. In the 20th century started celebrating 'blackness.' Later, documenting of African lit in America started. Antonio Gramsci, a modern Marxist stressed on organic literature. They are counter cultures, subaltern studies & culture studies. Slave narratives are important too. Equino Edualdoh is a slave narrato