326. Theory 01: Eco-Criticism and Green Studies

Eco-Criticism and Green Studies

Egs:- Amitav Ghosh's "The Hungry Tide"

Thinkers & Theorists:- Rachel Carson, Raymond Williams, William Rueckert, Cheryll Glotfelty, 

Terms:-
Anthropocentrism vs. Biocentrism = Human-centered vs. Life-centered ethical framework.
Anthropocene (Paul Crutzen) is about human being in the center humans cause the harm.

Environmental Justice = Focuses on unequal environmental impacts on marginalised communities

Bioregionalism= Organising human activities around naturally - defined ecological areas. You cohabit with Nature. Wordsworth's Pantisocracy (Gary Snyder's "Turtle Island") 

Wilderness= Contested concept of pristine or pure nature untouched by humans due to super coldness, etc. Like, in parts of Canada

Nature-Culture Dualism= Critique of the separation between human and nonhuman worlds

Posthumanism= Reconsideration of the boundaries between human and non-human beings

The Anthropocene= Study of human impact as a geological force

Toxic Discourse= Analysis of pollution narratives and poisoned landscapes

Climate Fiction or Cli-Fi= Examination of literary representations of climate change

Silent Spring= Exposed the environmental effect of pesticides and interconnectedness of ecological systems (Carson)

Cultural Materialism = Dichotomy of town/city and rural (Williams)

Eco-Criticism = Ecological activism as an academic field (Rueckert). First wave Nature writing.

Green Studies= Related to Carbon Trading, calculates carbon foot printing. It's the activism which is political in nature. 
We are all victims of capitalism. Industrial, Western discourse is highly discussed.

Deep Ecology = Branch of Green Studies. Long range ecology movement. (Arne Naess)

Tropes (4)= Pastoral, Wilderness, Apocalypse, Dystopia (Greg Garrard's 2004's Eco-Criticism)

Eco-apocalyptic literature= Nature reverts if we disturb it (Margaret Atwood's "Oryx and Crake")

Hyperobjects= Large scale environmental phenomenon that exceeds human perception. Eg- Radioactive waste (Timothy Morton)

Dualistic thinking= in environmental philosophy is the hierarchical dualisms. (Val Plumwood)

Slow violence-
It refers to gradual environmental degradation that occurs incrementally and out of sight. (Rob Nixon)



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