DSC 302. Criticism. Mathew Arnold (3)

1. Arnold criticised French citic, Vitet=
Chansos de Roland a 12th medieval, Anglo saxon epic and heroic romance was praised by Vitet. It was sung by Turoldas (soldier-singer in the army of William the Conqueror. William defeated Harold Godwinson and the Norman conquest of 1066. Edward the Confessor died without male heir and Herald Herada came from Norway and by the same time Herald Godwinson, the brotherinlaw of Confessor, became the king. But Harada defeated Godwinson and became the king of Anglo Saxon England. Godwinson after some time attacked Herada again and killef him and became the king of Anglo Saxon. But this time French king William the Conqueror attacked and became the king and it came to be known as the Norman Conquest. Godwinson and William fought the battle of Hastings and William used the trick of beating the drums to echo that they have killed Godwinson and the latter's soldiers ran away, to win the battle. Godwinson was trying to show his face to the soldiers that he was not dead but arrows hit his face and body from all around and killed him and this victory was celebrated by the soldiers) and Vitet called it superior to Iliad.

2. Examples or references of Touchstone:
A) Helen's words about her wounded brother. She laments his injuries.
B) Zeus the Greek god heroically addresses the horses of Peleus to give their lives and run faster.
C) Achilles words to king Priam of Troy when the latter's son is killed in the Trojan war. The words were filled with heroism and lamentation.
D) Beatrice's loving words to Virgil. Virgil talks about love stories and the ideal woman. Beatrice talks about returning love to Virgil. Similarly, in Dante's love stories, we have Laura and other characters.

3. Three Estimates of Touchstone Method:-
A) Historical Estimate. We judge poets as history or critics presented them to us. Poets should be free from worldy affairs in their writings. 
B) Personal Estimate. We judge poets through our personal likings, tastes, and ignore the necessary expected qualities.
C) Real Estimate. Touchstone method evolves under it. We analyse good and bad literature through this metaphorical method. It has to be unbiased, read with open eye and should have a kind of objectivity. In this estimate we compare poems with the sublime poems.

4. MA was a classicist. He was a fan of Milton.

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