(Extra-7)Quizzing English Lit-1(200)
1. Bakhtin published with his friend's name, Voloshnov.
2. Celts were the original people of England.
3. Theosophy school of thought is associated with Madam Blavatsky. Spiritual ecstasy is its main aim. William Butler Yeats was influenced by theosophy.
4. Tanka is a kind of Japanese poetry.
6. Ash Wednesday is the conversion(changed to Anglicanism) poem of T. S. Eliot.
7. Shakespeare's Hamlet is mentioned in The Love-Song of J Alfred Prufrock.
8. Thomas Gray's The Bard, a 3-part poem is on Celtic Revival.
Spenser, Swift and Yeats were also vocal on Irish and Celtic revival.
9. V-effect or Verfremdungseffekt or Alienation Effect is a key principal of the dramatic theory proposed by- Bertolt Brecht.
10. Vikram Seth's 1990's poetry collection All you who sleep Tonight is divided into 5 sections. Romantic Residues, In other Voltes, In Other Places, Quatrains, Meditations of the Heart are its 5 parts. It reflects Modernism. Modernism includes other's viewpoints
11. "I would be lying if I said my mother's misery has never given me pleasure" is the opening line of Avni Doshi's 'Burnt Sugar'. Doshi is an Indian origin American writer. At present she lives in Dubai. 'Girl in white cotton' is her debut novel.
12. Amitav Ghosh's 'The Calcutta Chromosome' was published in 1995 in NY. The title is based on anthropologist, Ronald Ross's life & research on malaria in 1923. Another Modernist novel. Mysterious turn of events in life is shown in Ghosh's book.
13. "Mistah Kurtz-he dead" & "A Penny for the old Guy" are the two epigraphs to T. S. Eliot's 'The Hollow Men"(1925). The poem is about the worldly journey of spiritually lost people. Joseph Conrad & Guy Fawkes are the people alluded in both epigraphs. 5th November is Guy Fawkes Day. During the Jacobean Age, he had conspired to finish the monarch.
14. Ash Wednesday of 1930 is T. S. Eliot's conversion poem. He had converted to Anglicanism in 1927. The base of the poem is Dante's Purgatorio.
15. For the Union Dead of 1964 is a collection of poems by Robert Lowell. Its in free verse and very irregular meter. Its confessional & personal poetry on relationships.
16. Pursuit and Conversation, Pursuit as Happiness, Pursuit and failure & Pursuit Remembered are parts of Ernest Hemingway's Green Hills of Africa. It was non fiction in 1935 from his experiences of visiting East Africa in December 1933.
17. Hilda Doolittle is the author of Tribute to Freud. Its a memoir. It has psychoanalytical elements.
18. Rudyard Kipling's "The Ballad of the Clampherdown" depicts a fictional Royal Navy battleship. It has humour element.
19. Jabberwocky a nonsense poem by Lewis Carroll's this work is about verses written in mirror-writing. Jabberwocky is a creature, killed. It is an eponymous poem & included in "Looking Glass". The language is unintelligible & so called nonsense verse. It has puzzling English syntax. New words are used. Edward Lear is another nonsense poetry writer.
20. Jean Paul Sarte's No Exit, George Bernard Shaw's The Dark Lady of the Sonnets & William Synge's Riders to the Sea are all one-act plays.
21. Katherine Mansfield wrote The Doll's House.
22. Luigi Pirandello's play Six Characters in Search of an Author is Absurd literature.
23. The Irish Literary Renaissance is a literary and cultural movement that emerged during the 19th and 20th century.
24. Jacques Lacan theorised the Mirror stage. To him, every child undergoes a stage where he/she begins to recognize his/her reflection in the mirror.
25. Rupert Birkin is a character in the novel Women in Love of 1920 by D. H. Lawrence. Birkin is in love with Ursula Brangwen and is always stimulated towards intellectual pursuits.
26. Paradise, By the Sea, Desertion and Memory of Departure are novels by UK based Tanzanian Abdulrazzak Gurnah. He received Nobel in 2021. Condition of African migrants is his chief concern in the books.
27. Homecoming is written by Ghana's Yaa Gyasi. It was written in 2016.
28. Chinua Achebe's Things Fall Apart deals with the problems of colonialism. It deals with the story of an Igbo leader Okonkwo and the disintegration of the native African communities.
29. Lytton Stratchey in his biographical work Eminent Victorians provide a sketch of four renowned Victorian public figures- Florence Nightingale, Cardinal Manning, General Gordon & Thomas Arnold.
30. Joseph Conrad's Almayer's Folly relates the story of a Dutch trader and his daughter.
31. The origin of the Beat Generation can be traced back to Columbia University, where the members used to meet. Lucien Carr, Hal Chase & Jack Kerouac are members of this movement. They brought the concept of Counterculture movement. All movements of the 20th century are countercultured or anti-Authoritan.
32. Toni Morrison's novel The Bluest Eye opens at the end of the Great Depression, during the 1930s.
33. James Joyce's Finnegan's Wake is inspired by the theory of cyclical history proposed by the Italian historian Giambattista Vico. The book ends with what it began with stressing that life is a cyclical re-search.
34. Margaret Atwood's The Handmaid's Tale is set in the fictional state of Gilead.
35. The title of Ernest Hemingway's For whom the Bell Tolls is taken from John Donne's Meditation XVII.
36. Mahesh Dattani's 30 Days in September is a play dealing with the social issue of child abuse of Mala, the character.
37. Kamala Das said, "I am an Indian, very brown, born in Malabar."
38. Dina Mehta wrote Getting away with murder.
39. Activist Theater or Forum Theater is by Augusta Boal.
40. Raja Rao's Kanthapura is the story of a fictional village in Southern India set against the backdrop of the Independence Movement.
41. Angela Carter's novella The Bloody Chamber is a feminist retelling of Bluebeard tale.
42. Wole Soyinka's play Death and King's Horseman deals with an ancient Yoruba tradition.
43. Jean Francois Lyotard described Postmodernisn as the 'incredulity towards metanarratives'.
44. A Cyborg Manifesto is an essay by Donna Haraway in the Journal The Socialist Review.
45. Pablo Neruda is a poet from Chile. His A Song of Despair has been very popular.
46. In A House for Mr. Biswas the pundit asks the parents of Mohun Biswas to keep their child away from trees and water.
47. The term New Historicism was coined by Stephen Greenblatt. Power dynamics have to be cared for too, not just the text as per New Historicism.
48. Roger Fry conducted "Manet and the Post-Impressionism".
49. In The Color Purple Nettie is the sister of Celie. It's an epistolary novel by Alice Walker.
50. Patrick White received Nobel. Happy Valley, The Living and the Dead and Voss are his novels.
52. The Age of Innocence is a novel by Edith Wharton in 1870.
53. Umberto Eco's Baudolino is an adventure story in the mythical Christian world of the 12th century. The eponymous protagonist travels to Constantinople and meets Niketas Choniates.
54. Term "Simulacra" was introduced by Jean Baudrillard. Reality vs. Constructed Reality is what he tries to show.
55. Girish Karnard, A. K. Ramanujan & Pratibha Nandakumar are Kannad & English writers.
56. Edward Said describes Alcestis and Medea as the most Asiatic of all Attic dramas. The eastern world qualities like things against reason or pro-magical stuffs are found in these works.
57. Alfred Doolittle is a character from Pygmalion by Shaw.
58. A Treatise of Human Nature is a book written by David Hume in 1939-41. Its in 3 vols.
59. John Steinbeck talks about migrant workers in The Harvest Gypsies. Its series of articles.
60. An Humble Address to Both Houses of Parliament is the last letter in Jonathan Swift's Drapier's Letters. Copper coinage is the context.William Wood was granted letters patent to mint the coin which to Swift was corrupt. Swift used pseudonym M. B. Irish poverty is also the context.
61. Januarie appears as a protagonist in The Merchant's Tale inThe Canterbury Tales. He is Senex Amans is 60 yr old Knight and May is his wife. They are from Pavia, Lombardy.
62. The Monk's Tale in The Canterbury Tales has historical figures & 17 short stories. Theme of tragedy is main context. Monk had told in the prologue that he knew 100 stories. The Knight interrupted at 17th.
63. "Since the siege and the assault were ceased at Troy" is the beginning of the Middle English poem Sir Gawain and the Green Knight by Pearl / Gawain Poet. It is still not known even now if Arthur was a real king. "After the siege and the assault were ceased at Troy" were the ending lines.
64. In her book Quantum Poetics Gwyneth Lewis refers to Shakespeare's Twelfth Night to unravel language politics and writing. It is about community representation. Its public lectures compiled delivered at New Castle University.
65. "A stranger has come / To share my room in the house not right in the head/ A girl mad as birds" are the starting lines of Dylan Thoma's Love in the Asylum. His marriage was not working. The poem perhaps reflects same.
66. Nigerian Gabriel Okara's poem Piano and Drums is about Colonization of Africa, Modernity versus Antique ways of life & preserving the positive aspects of African culture.
67. In Season of Migration to the North published in 1966 by Sudanese Tayeb Saleh protagonist called Mustafa appears with a troubled love life and then drowns himself in the Nile. Its a postcolonial novel. Sudan had a brutal colonial history which this book recounts.
68. Half of a Yellow Sun published in 2006 by Nigerian-American Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie is based against the backdrop of the Biafran War.
69. Ralph Singh an Indo-Caribbean politician appears in V. S. Naipaul's Mimic Men. Ralph is in exile in London.
70. Stephen Philip wrote the play Ulysses.
71. Joseph Anton was the pen name of Salman Rushdie.
72. The Lonely Londoners is about west Indians post world war II London by Trinidadadian Samuel Sevlon. It focused on poor, working class blacks.
73. Michael Anthony sets his novel Streets of Conflict in the Brazilian city of Rio de Janerio. Students revolts & story of Marisa is embedded in this book.
74. A History of African American Theater is co-authored by Errol Hill and James V. Hatch. Its also about African American literature.
75. Kenneth Burke's essay The Rhetoric of Hitler's Battle. Its about Prophetic tradition.
76. In Going to the Territory, a volume of 17 essays(essays reprinted from speeches and articles originally published in between 1963-83) include new perspectives on Richard Wright. The books says that Ralph Ellison was not just the only iconoclastic novelist of America.
77. No Man's Land: The war of the words is a sequel to the feminist text The Madwoman in the Attic by Gilbert and Susan Gubar. Women will be taking over too as per the book title.
78. A Black Mass a play based on the religious doctrine of Yakub and also fearures the "White Beast" that will become the ancestor to the white race is authored by Amiri Baraka. Baraka was then involved with national movements like Black Arts Movement. Its part of Action Literature, which insists on productivity of literature. It wants to make people politically conscious. Jacob is the protagonist of the play. Baraka also recorded a version of the play with Sun Ra's Myth-Science Orchestra in 1968.
79. John Crowe Ransom's elegy Bells For John Whiteside's Daughter" makes reference to John Donne's Devotions upon Emergent Occasions. It was published in 1924.
80. Biathanatos in 1608 by John Donne contains the defense of suicide or self-homocide. Thomas de Quincey andvJorge Luis Borges react to it. There are biblical references.
81. Allen Tate's poem Ode to the Confederate Dead of 1928 is associated with Solipsism or Narcissism. Its a philosophical doctrine. Romanticism is also solipsist in nature where we give our views. Its about self obsession too.
82. Self Reliance provides as a lens for critique of Herman Melville's Moby Dick based on the argument of life and death of Ahab. Its critique of Emerson's Self Reliance. Anyone is capable of happiness (Individualism) which Ahab was missing.
83. "I love the earth-she is my Maker's creature/ She is my mother for she gave me birth..." is from Francis Quarles's Delight in God Only.
84. Pundit Jayaram appears in V. S. Naipaul's A House for Mr. Biswas of 1961. Jayaram is the cruel employer. Its autobiographical book too.
85. Grace Poole is the servant in Jean Rhys' Wide Sargasso Sea who is tasked with guarding Antoinette, the protagonist who relates the story of her life from childhood to her arranged marriage to an unarmed Englishman. It is a post dated prequel.
86. George Lamming's In the Castle of My Skin derives its title from Derek Walcott's Epitaph for the Young.
87. Norman Mailer's novel The Naked and the Dead is divided into Argil and Mold, Plant and Phantom, Wake and Wave, published by Rhinehart & Company in 1948. The story takes place in Anopopia, a fictional island.
88. Edwige Danticat's historical fiction Farming of Bones of 1998 is set against Parseley Massacre, the historical episodes of Dominican Republic.
89. The forward for Maryse Conde's English version of I, Tituba, Black Witch of Salem is provided by Angela Davis. The novel is translated into English by Richard Philcox.
90. Toru Watanbe is a character in The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle. It takes place in Tokyo. Toru is Kumiko's husband.
91. Nakata is a character in Kafka on the shore.
92. Toru Okada is a character in Norwegian Wood.
93. Sumire is a character in Sputnik Sweetheart. Sumire is an aspiring writer.
94. In Pride and Prejudice, the name of the army officer is George Wickham who runs away with Lydia Bennet.
95. In Dorothy Wordsworth's Journal, it is mentioned that a highly famous poem by her brother William Wordsworth was inspired from a walk the siblings took together around Glencoyne Bay, Ullswater, in the Lake District.
96. The Chimney Sweeper by William Blake in two versions of his poetry collections Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience.
97. Ted Hughes' Crow's Fall illustrates the reason how the crow became black in colour.
98. "Call the roller of big cigars/The muscular one... concupiscent curds" is in The Emperor of Ice-creams by Wallace Stevens. The title is oxymoroned.
99. Tennessee Williams' play A Streetcar Named Desire in 1947 has Blanche Dubois as a character. Dubois says: "I have always depended on the kindness of strangeness."
100. Nabanita Deb Sen also wrote Bengali poems for kids.
101. In volume III of Laurence Sterne's Tristram Shandy or The Life and opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman the author's preface appears. It's early 19th century. Aphra Behn, Mary Shelley, George Eliot, are also the other 19th century novelists.
102. Gulliver receives the following response when he boasts about his country men:
"... the most pernicious race of the little odious vermin that nature suffered to crawl upon the face of the earth."
The king of Brobdingnag responded to it. Brobdingnag is a moral utopia. There is goodwill and calm virtue.
Jonathan Swift is an misanthrope.
103. In the Canto 29 Inferno Dante, as he travels through the various circles of the hell finds Judas who is unable to speak. Lucifer is chewing on his head. The poet reaches the last circle of cocytus.
104. Our reality is linguistic, a language mediated reality because our perception and understanding by the words and other signs we use in the light of the statements are true. Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf with the introduction of the theory of linguistic relativism. To Sapir-Whorf theory, language is more than just a communication tool. It determines our perception of reality and influences our behaviour.
105. In In Theory Aijaz Ahmed works out the relations between the three entities- CNL:Classes, Nations, Literatures. We have started developing inferiority before colonialism and imperialism. The book also contains critique of Edward Said's Orientalism.
106. P. B. Shelley wrote The Wandering Jew, a poem in 4 cantos and short lyric The Wandering Jew's Soliloquy.
107. To T. S. Eliot, we are likely to find "not only the best, but the most individual parts of a poet's work". In those parts where the dead poets assert their immortality. "Tradition and the Individual Talent" of 1919 sketches out many ideas which were to be developed later. "Tradition... involves... the historical sense..."
108. During the reign of Norman Kings, it was fashionable to speak French in upper-class circles in England.
109. W. B. Yeats collaborated with Purohit Swami in translating the Ten Principal Upanishads into English.
110. Jumpers is a play which has a character George Moore. Its written by Tom Stoppard.
111. Annie is inThe Real Thing is is another play. Its by Tom Stoppard. Henry and Annie try to save a Scottish soldier.
112. Persephone is in Enter a Free Man by Tom Stoppard. George Riley is another character in it.
113. Henry Carr is a character in the playTravesties of 1974 by Tom Stoppard. The book has James Joyce, Lenin and Tristan Tzara. The Real Thing is his another play of 1982.
114. After discovering the truth about his henious crimes committed in the past, Oedipus requests to exile him. He blinded himself. It happens in Oedipus Rex also known as Oedipus Tyrannus or Oedipus the King which is an Athenian tragedy by Sophocles performed around 429 BC.
115. Women in Love opens with the Brangwen sisters, Ursula and Gudrun Brangwen. Its a sequel to Rainbow written by D. H. Lawrence. Their father's house is in Beldover where they talk about marriage. These two are called sister-novels. He also wrote Blood consciousness.
116. Samuel Johnson's "These images are marked by glittering accumulation of ungraceful ornaments:... Double, double, toil and trouble... ease and nature" is about the English poey Thomas Gray. Its critical appreciation of Progress of Poesy and The Bard.
117. "Taking the smoke disclaimer issue" begins Vishal Bharadwaj". Putting a disclaimer every time somebody smokes on screen is not an answer. If M. F. Hussain had painted... " is interview excerpt of Vishal Bharadwaj in 2015. To him, art should have no morality.
118. According to Speech Act theorists such as Austin and Searle, certain verbs actually 'perform' an act when they are uttered. Performance utterance describes reality and change social reality too.
119. Hans-Robert Jauss, Stanley Fish and Wolfgang Iser are reader response critics. Roland Barthes started this theory.
120. Amy Maud Bodkin is a mythology and literary critic. She is best known for her 1934 book Archetypal Patterns in Poetry: Psychological Studies of Imagination. It applies to Carl Jung's theories.
121. J. G. Farrell's The Seige of Krishnapur begins with a Prologue under the title The Storming of Seringapatam.
122. In Gerontion T. S. Eliot says: "... has many cunning passages, contrived corridors/ And issues, deceives with whispering ambitions/Guides us by vanities."
123. Chinua Achebe's novel No Longer at Ease of 1960 derives its title from The Journey of Magi. It follows Things fall apart followed by Arrow of God in the African Trilogy. Obi Okonkwo in the novel leaves his village for Britain and then joins Nigerian colonial civil service. Achebe received International Booker Prize.
124. Chinua Achebe's essays are Named for Victoria, Queen of England, The Igbo Workd and Its Art and An Image of Africa: Racism in Conrad's Heart of Darkness in Hopes and Impediments:Selected Essays. He urges African culture not to be treated as monolithic.
125. Nativity of 1954 is by Roy Campbell.
126. The central character is Elvis Presley, impersonator and eventually take a variety of illegal and morally questionable jobs in Graceland by Chris Abani. Setting is Lagos, Nigeria. The teenage boy is Ekvis Oke. Impersonations is a very common theme, when we want to impersonate any other personality.
127. Buddha's Suburbia is by Hanif Quereshi. Impersonation is used here too.
128. Stuart Hall regards language-use as operating within a framework of power. He tells us about dominance and hegemony. The people are producers & consumers of culture. He comes in post-Gramscian times.
129. Popular culture encompasses the activities and feelings produced as a result of interaction with these dominant objects which are heavily influenced in modern times by Mass media. Its collection of ideas.
130. Of the five conditions of the Sublime according to Longinus, the most important condition is lofty cast of mind. The other four are- use of imaginative language, noble nature of expression, grand composition and strong passions.
131. There are 3 sources which had inspired Shakespeare's Hamlet in Eliot's essay Hamlet and his Problems. They are- The Spanish Tragedy, The Ur-Hamlet and a version of the play performed in Germany.
132. Guy Butler's play of 1820s Deamea a play that carried with it a strong message against apartheid and a possible solution for South Africa's future, shares elements from Medea.
133. T. S. Eliot's A Choice of Kipling Verse is where he argued that Kipling is a ballad maker; he warned against taking Kipling out of his time and against exaggerating the importance of a particular piece or phrase which a reader might dislike; he attributed Kipling's development to the time he had spent in India; & his poems could be understood at first reading-that is why children could find it easy too. It is in 2 parts. It was in 1941's December. It had public purpose.
134. In Section I of Whispers of Immortality Eliot pays homage to the Jacobean writers John Donne & John Webster.
135. "The Suppliant Maidens" or The Suppliants Maiden appears as Chorus in the Greek tragedy Aeschylus.
136. Thomas Middleton's A Game of Chess dramatizes a conflict between Spain & England. The characters are known as The white knights & the black Knight.
137. A chaste Maid in Cheapside has reference of river Thames.
138. The Two Menaechmuses or The Brothers Menaechmuses is a play by the Roman playwright Plautus.
139. David Haig's 1997's play My Boy Jackis is based on the episodes of Rudyard Kipling.
140. In Zadie Smith's novel White Teeth of 2000, the two wartime friends belong to the Bangladeshi Samad Iqbal & the Englishman Archie Jones- and their families of London.
141. The performing art is pursued by the two mixed-race girls of Zadie Smith's novel Swing Time. The narrator is a perfect dancer. The swing time is a symbol.
142. This is Water: Some Thoughts, Delivered on a Significant Occasion, about Living a Compassionate Life is an essay by David Foster Wallace first published in 2009 but originally on May 21, 2005 at Kenyon College and later developed into an essay. The lonesomeness is the main context.
143. "A foolish consistency is the nobgoblin of little minds, adored by little statemen and philosophers and divines"- This quote belongs to Transcendentalist thinker Ralph Waldo Emerson. Self Reliance, the essay in 1841 has these lines.
144. In Philip Roth's novel American Pastoral has been published in 1997.
145. Serena Frome, a university student freshly recruited by MI5, appears in Sweet Tooth by Ian McEwan. Its set in early 1970s England. Sweet Tooth is the codename used for the program to counterattack communist propaganda. Serena is admitted in Cambridge university and gets involved in a relation with a professor Tony Canning. The relation ends with Serena securing a position in MI5.
146. A fictional post Arthurian England appears in the fantasy novel Kazuo Ishiguro's The Buried Giant. The novel follows an elderly Briton couple, Axl and Beatrice in which no one is able to retain long term memories.
147. "It was the afternoon of my eighty first birthday, and I was in bed with my catamite when Ali announced that the archbishop had come to see me-" Earthly Powers by Anthony Burgess was published in 1980.
148. Penelope Fitzgerald's novel revolves around the life of Friedrich von Hardenberg in the 1995 novel The Blue Flower. Penelope is a booker prized writer.
149. Simon Legree is the name of the vicious plantation owner to whom Tom is sold in Harriet Beecher Stowe's novel Uncle Tom's Cabin. Simon is a mischievous character and Tom is a Christian black figure.
150. Samuel Pickwick is the President of the club in Pickwick Club of 1836 by Charles Dickens. Sam Weller is the servant.
151. Benjamin Disraeli's 1847's novel Tancred; or The New Crusade, there is theme of religion. Tancred or Lord Montacute is the young hero. Political novels should be written more to change situations.
152. In Canto IV of Child Harold's Pilgrimage Petrarch is the poet's home which is visited by its writer Lord Byron. IVth Canto is in Italy's Venice, Arqua Ferrara, Florence and finally Rome. There are 4 Cantos. It was published in between 1812 and 1818.
153. M. A. K. Halliday and R. Hasan (1976) "the linguistic features which are typically associated with a configuration of situational features-with particular values of the field" has Register which is a variety of language used for a particular purpose or in a particular communicative situation. It is called register literature.
154. In one prominent model, Martin Joos (1961) describes five styles in spoken English : Frozen, Formal, Consultive, Casual and Intimate.
155. The usage of the combination of a vernacular language variety and codified lect is associated with the term Diglossia. Diglossia is a situation in which two dialects or languages are used by a single language community. In addition to the community's everyday there is h-languagr or high language and l-language or low language.
156. Mary Bucholtz and Kira Hall are the linguists associated with the field of Sociocultural Linguistics. For example, 'spinster' is used negatively and 'bachelor' is used positively.
157. The character called Morpheus appears in Chaucer's The Book of the Duchess.
158. Private Lives is a 1930 comedy of manners in three acts by Noel Coward. It concerns a divorced couple who while honeymooning with their new spouses, discover that they are staying in adjacent rooms at the same hotel. Despite a perpetually stormy relationship, they realise that they still have feelings for each other. Code "Sollocks" or Solomon Issacs is used in the book by characters Elyot and Amanda in the second act.
159. Published in 1921, Memoirs of a Midget is a surrealistic novel told in the first person by English poet, anthologist and short story writer Walter de la Mare. The bulk of the novel is devoted to Miss M's twentieth year, during which she confronts her selfhood and comes to understand that there is a world of the spirit that is greater than the physical one in which she is social amusement.
160. The Dumb Waiter is one acf play by Harold Pinter written in 1957. Two hit men, Ben and Gus are waiting in a basement room for their assignment is the opening scene.
161. Noises Off is a 1982 play by the English playwright Michael Frayn. Each of the three acts of Noises Off contains a performance of the first act of a play within a play, a sex farce called Nothing On. The three acts of Noises Off are each named "Act One" on the contents page of the script, though they are labelled normally in the body of the script....
162. Doris Lessing is the author of The Golden Notebook 1962 which traces women's liberation movements through the story of a writer Anna Wulf.
163. A Passage to India 1924 is a novel by English author E. M. Forster set against the backdrop of the British Raj and the Indian Independence movement in the 1920s. The story revolves around four characters: Dr Aziz, his British friend Mr. Cyril Fielding, Mrs Moore and Miss Adela Quested.
164. John Montague's The Rough Field is one of the most important books in modern Irish literature. First published published in 1972, this extended meditation on Ulster and its Troubles is 'a rich and complex work by the best Irish poet of his generation' (Derek Mahon).
165. 'The Cook's Tale' is an unfinished story in The Canterbury Tales.
166. The Letters of Kingsley Amis 2001 was assembled and edited by the American literary critic Zachary Leader. It is a collection of more than 800 letters from Amis to many different friends and professional acquaintances from 1941 until shortly before his death in 1995. About one quarter of the letters selected were addressed to Amis's close friend, the poet Philip Larkin.
167. John Montague's The Rough Field has been praised as the most significant attempt in poetry to understand Northern Ireland's troubled history.
168. In 1955, Lawrence Ferlingheti and Peter Martin launched City Lights Publishers, a book publishing venture which helped start the careers of many alternative local and international poets. In 1956, Ferlingheti published Allen Ginsberg's book Howl and Other Poems, which resulted in his being arrested by the San Francisco Police for publishing "obscene work" but later Howl had "some redeeming social importance."
169. W. B. Yeats joined the Theosophists, A school of Thought. The school advocated that knowledge of God could be attained through spiritual ecstasy and direct intuition.
170. Monophthong is a term in phonetic classification of vowel sounds on the basis of their manner of articulation. English language has 12 monnopthongs.
171. Allophones are phoneme variations that do not cause meaning change and happen because of its position and the phonetic characteresitics of neighbouring sounds.
172. Yeats spent his early years between London and Sligo, Ireland. French symbolism focused on achieving a musical quality in their verse influenced Yeats too.
173. Rimbaud, Verlaine, Baudelaire, Mallarmé and Valery were the 19th century symbolists.
174. Ash Wednesday is Eliot's conversion poem.
175. The Bard is in 3 parts set at the time of 1282 Conquest of Edward the First, when he invaded the kingdom of Llewlyn ap Griffith, "the last Welsh prince". It is the first primitivist English poem of Welsh & Gaelic themes which came to be known as the Celtic Revival.
176. Maud Gonne (1866-1953) was proposed marriage in 1891 by Yeats. He wrote the play The Countless Kathleen and poems Easter 1916 & A Prayer for my daughter for her. She married John McBride.
177. The Hollow Men of 1925 is a poem by T. S. Eliot. The two epigraphs to the poem are-Mistah Kurtz-he dead and A Penny for the Old Guy.
178. The Celtic Revival (1893) of Yeats's collection of stories and poems epitomized the romance and mysticism of Celtic culture. The Wanderings of Oisin (1889) was the first outcome of this interest, he even formed Irish literary societies in Dublin and London.
179. Collocations refer to grouping of words in a sentence.
180. Imagism refers to literary movement that flourished in America and Europe during First World War. Ezra Pound was its leading proponent.
181. Heteroglossia refers to the juxtaposition of multiple voices in a text. Huck Finn is filled with it.
182. In 1894 Yeats met Lady Gregory in London and first visited her in Ireland in 1896. From 1897 he started to spend his summers at Coole Park, her house in County Galwan.
183. Jargons is part of the function of special languages. Lawyers for example use language related to law.
184. Yeats was drawn towards the Irish literary revival of the 1880s, a direct outcome of the resurgence of the Irish Nationalism in the campaign for Home Rule.
185. City Lights became known as the heart of the "Beat" movement which included writers such as Kenneth Rexroth, Gary Snyder, Allen Ginsberg and Jack Kerouac crediting Ferlingheti with having helped spark the San Francisco literary Renaissance of the 1950s and the "Beat" movement that followed although he does not consider himself a "Beat" poet.
186. Clipping is the word formation process which consists in the reduction of a word to one of its parts. It is also known as truncation.
187. Pidgins and Creoles are specialized languages developed to keep the outsider at bay.
188. Prosopopoeia is used mostly to give another perspective on the action being described. For example, in Cicero's Pro Caelio Cicero speaks as Appius Claudius Caecus, a stern old man.
189. The Quare Fellow is Brendan Behan's first play produced in 1954. The title is taken from a Hiberno-English pronounciation of queer meaning "strange" or "unusual". The play is set in Mountjoy Prison, Dublin. The anti-hero of the play is never seen or heard.
190. Supra-segmental refers to phonological property of more than one sound segment.
191. Paleolinguistics is a term used by some linguists for the study of the distant human past by linguistic means. Paleolinguistics look for evidence of regular patterns of phonetic change to reconstruct proto-languages. Joseph Greenblatt and Merritt Ruhlen are paleolinguists.
192. Cultural Assimilation and Emergence of a standard lingua franca in a country leads to extinction of a language.
193. Language Contact is the study of language contact. It occurs in a variety of phenomenona, including language convergence, borrowing and reelexification. It occurs in 2 or more language varieties. It usually takes place in and around the borders.
194. The first known application of Lexicostatistics, a method of comparative linguistics is about percentage. For example, percentage of words shared in between English & Bengali. Morris Swadesh develops it in the 1950s.
195. Dumont d'Urvillewas , a French explorer compares various Oceanic languages and proposed a method for calculating a coefficient of relationship.
196. Glottochronology attempts to use lexicostatistical methods to es
197. Types of Code-switching in Linguistics are Intra-sentential switching and Intra-sentential. The speaker alternates between two or more languages or language varieties while in a single conversation. For example-AIR FM engages code-switching.
198. The concept of 'Decorum' appears in Horace's Ars Poetica. Its written in hexameter verse.
199. Petrarch's Canzoniere, a collection of poems based on love, religion & poetry. Its about a woman called Laura. There are 317 sonnets.
200. Dante Alighieri's long narrative poem The Divine Comedy begins on the night before Good Friday to Wednesday. There are 3 cantiche-Inferno or Hell, Purgatorio or Purgatory & Paradiso or Paradise. Each consisted 33 cantos.