363. DSC 102: Restoration Drama (1)
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Characteristics of Restoration drama with reference to the works of Congreve
Posted on August 9, 2024 by dcenglit
Restoration drama: An Introduction
The Restoration period in English history spanned from 1660 to 1688. With the restoration of Charles II, this era brought about a revival in literature and theatre. Restoration drama is characterized by its wit, social satire, complex plots and intrigues, emergence of professional actresses, relaxation of moral and social codes, changes in visual spectacle of theatre such as elaborate sets, lavish costumes, and introduction of movable scenery. So the Restoration drama plays an influential role in the history of English theatre. The playwrights like Congreve, and Wycherley made significant contributions to this genre.
William Congreve: Restoration dramatist
William Congreve (1670-1729) was a prominent English Restoration dramatist. His plays exemplify the characteristics of Restoration drama. His plays reflect this cultural transformation, showcase witty dialogue, complex characters, and focus on social satire.
Characteristics of Restoration drama in Congreve’s works:
1. Wit
Congreve’s plays are renowned for their quick-witted dialogue, clever wordplay. His The Way of the World and The Double Dealer have clever dialogue. They reveal the characters’ intelligence.
Social Satire
Through satirical lens, Restoration drama satirises societal norms and conventions. Congreve satirises the manners of upper class. He targets their moral hypocrisy. In The Way of the World, through the character Lady Wishfort, he shows hypocrisy and desperation for social status which are prevalent in the Restoration period.
Urban Setting:
Congreve’s plays often unfold in London, exploring the city’s vibrant culture, social hierarchies, and moral decay.
Strong Characters and Relationships:
The sharp-witted Mirabell and the cunning Lady Wishfort are strong and dynamic characters.
Complex Characters:
Congreve’s characters are multidimensional, with flawed protagonists and strong-willed female characters who challenge societal norms.
Complex Plots
The plots of Restoration dramas are known for their complexity and intricacy. It shows characters involving in intricate schemes, mistaken identities, and romantic entanglements. Congreve’s The Double Dealer has this characteristic.
Love and Relationships:
Congreve’s plays frequently explore themes of love, marriage, and relationships, often critiquing the social conventions surrounding them.
Social Class:
Congreve’s works comment on the social stratification of the time, poking fun at the aristocracy and emerging middle class.
Moral Ambiguity:
Restoration drama often blurred moral lines. Congreve’s plays are no exception. They present characters with ambiguous motivations and ethics.
Comedic Tone:
Despite tackling serious themes, Congreve’s plays maintain a comedic tone, using humor to critique societal norms.
Some notable works by Congreve that exemplify these characteristics include:
– “The Way of the World” (1700)
– “Love for Love” (1695)
– “The Double Dealer” (1693)
– “The Old Bachelor” (1693)
These plays showcase Congreve’s mastery of Restoration drama. They offer insights into the social, cultural, and moral landscape of late 17th-century England. He mirrored the society of his time.